Deviance refers to any violation of norms, no matter how
small or large the deviance may be. Stigma is deviance without any action
required. Stigma refers to characteristics that discredit people. These characteristics
could include violations of norms of appearance and norms of ability.
Involuntary memberships can also be a stigma, such as being diseased or
victimized. In this picture, my one and only birthmark is shown right under my
earring. This big freckle has been on my neck since day one. I did not ask to
have it there; I was just born with it. Birth marks are a great example of a
stigma.
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